Fulani may refer to:

• pertaining to the Fulani Empire
• pertaining to the Fulani War
• Yasir Al-Fulani, a character from Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare

Ethnic group and language

• Fula people (autonym Fulɓe)
  • Hausa-Fulani, a larger grouping which the Fulani belong to
• Fula language or Fulfulde language

People (proper name)

• Dan Fulani, nom de plume used by John Hare as a Nigerian author
• Lenora Fulani, an American psychologist, psychotherapist, and political activist.

Fulani cattle

• Red Fulani cattle
• White Fulani cattle

The Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people (Fula: Fulɓe, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫; French: Peul; Hausa: Fulani or Hilani; Portuguese: Fula; Wolof: Pël; Bambara: Fulaw) are one of the largest ethnic groups in the Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa but also in South Sudan, Sudan, and regions near the Red Sea coast. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity; various estimates put the figure between 35 and 45 million worldwide.

Central to the Fulani people’s lifestyle is a code of behavior known as pulaaku (Fulfulde: 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤳𞤵) or laawol Fulɓe (𞤂𞤢𞥄𞤱𞤮𞤤 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫) literally meaning the “Fulani pathways” which are passed on by each generation as high moral values of the Fulbe, which enable them to maintain their identity across boundaries and changes of lifestyle. Essentially viewed as what makes a person Fulani, or “Fulaniness”, pulaaku includes:

• Munyal: Patience, self-control, discipline, prudence
• Gacce / Semteende: Modesty, respect for others (including foes)
• Hakkille: Wisdom, forethought, personal responsibility, hospitality
• Sagata / Tiinaade: Courage, hard work

The language of the Fulani is “Pulaar” 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, which is also the language of the Toucouleurs. All Senegalese and Mauritanians who speak the language natively are known as the Halpulaar (𞤖𞤢𞤤𞤨𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪) or Haalpulaar’en (𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪𞥇𞤫𞤲), which means “speakers of Pulaar” (“hal” is the root of the Pulaar verb haalugol 𞤖𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤵𞤺𞤮𞤤, meaning “to speak”). In some areas, e.g. in northern Cameroon, Fulfulde is a local lingua franca.

There are three writing systems used to write this language: an Arabic derived one called Ajami, a Latin derived system with 6 sets, and a native phonetic-faithful system called Adlam recently invented in 1989; the third one is the most increasingly popular not only learnt by hundred thousands of people among the diaspora worldwide but has also apps and computer programs created to assist in the script’s adoption.

Pulaar is a Fula language spoken primarily as a first language by the Fula and Toucouleur peoples in the Senegal River valley area traditionally known as Futa Tooro and further south and east. Pulaar speakers, known as Haalpulaar’en live in Senegal, Mauritania, the Gambia, and western Mali. The two main speakers of Pulaar are the Toucouleur people and the Fulɓe (also known as Fulani or Peul). Pulaar is the second most spoken local language in Senegal, being a first language for around 22% of the population. This correlates with 23.7% of the country in which Pulaar is the population’s ethnicity. Pulaar is one of the national languages of Senegal alongside 13 others. It was admitted as an official language of Senegal by Presidential decree in 1971. There are around 28 known dialects of Pulaar, most of which are mutually intelligible with each other. The Pulaar dialects, as well as other West African languages, are usually referenced under the umbrella term ‘Fula’. Pulaar as a language, however, is not usually referenced as ‘Fula’.

According to Ethnologue there are several dialectal varieties, but all are mutually intelligible.

Pulaar is not to be confused with Pular, another variety of Fula spoken in Guinea (including the Fouta Djallon region). The Pulaar and Pular varieties of Fula are to some extent mutually intelligible.

Pulaar is written in Latin and Adlam, but historically was written in an Arabic script known as the “Ajami script” (see Fula alphabets).

The word Pulaar translates to ‘the language of the Fulɓe’ as the stem /pul/ is the singular form of Fulɓe and the suffix /-aar/ means language. The language is believed to have formed in Fuuta Tooro when the ancestors of the Toucouleur people began speaking the language of the Fulɓe. It is then believed that the term Haalpulaar’en (which means ‘speakers of the language of Pulaar’) was created to apply to non-Fulɓe speakers of Fulɓe, of which the Toucouleur people are the largest demographic.

Alphabet

a, b, ɓ, c, d, ɗ, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, mb, n, nd, ng, nj, ñ, ŋ, o, p, r, s, t, u, w, y, Ƴ

Numbers

The Pulaar counting system is base five (a quinary-decimal system) which is similar to the surrounding Niger-Congo languages. The number 7, for example, uses the prefix of d͡ʒoj (5) and the suffix ɗiɗi (2) becoming d͡ʒeeɗiɗi (5+2). Other languages that use this system in West Africa include Pular, Wolof, Sereer-Sine and East Limba. These quinary-decimal counting languages can be found in the west African regions of Sierra Leone, Guinea and Gambia. Pulaar and Pular possess almost identical words for numbers, in which every number from 1 to 10 share the exact same name except for 5 (d͡ʒoj for Pulaar and d͡ʒowi for Pular).

thirty	capanɗe tati
forty	capanɗe nay
fifty	capanɗe jóy
sixty	capanɗe jeegom
seventy	capanɗe jééɗiɗi
eighty	capanɗe jeetati
ninety	capanɗe jeenay
one hundred	teemedere
two hundred	teemedde ɗiɗi
three hundred	teemedde tati
four hundred	teemedde nay
five hundred	teemedde jóy
six hundred	teemedde jeegom
seven hundred	teemedde jééɗiɗi
eight hundred	teemedde jeetati
nine hundred	teemedde jeenay
one thousand	ujundere
ten thousand	ujunnaaji sappo
one hundred thousand	ujunnaaji teemedere
one million	milioŋ
one billion	milyaar

thirtieth	capanɗe tataɓo
fortieth	capanɗe nayaɓo
fiftieth	capanɗe jóyaɓo
sixtieth	capanɗe jeegoɓo
seventieth	capanɗe jééɗiɓo
eightieth	capanɗe jeetaɓo
ninetieth	capanɗe jeenaɓo
one hundredth	battoowo teemedere
two hundredth	teemedde ɗiɗaɓo
three hundredth	teemedde tataɓo
four hundredth	teemedde nayaɓo
five hundredth	teemedde jóyaɓo
six hundredth	teemedde jeegoɓo
seven hundredth	teemedde jééɗiɓo
eight hundredth	teemedde jeetaɓo
nine hundredth	teemedde jeenaɓo
one thousandth	battoowo ujunere

Noun Classes

Pulaar contains 21 noun classes. These noun classes can commonly be observed by looking at the suffix of a noun. For example, a noun that is the result of a loan word will typically end in -o (however, human singular nouns such as debbo (meaning woman) also end in -o). The class of the noun will often refer to the actual content of the noun. For example, the ɗam noun class is applied to nouns that describe a liquid.

o	human referents, loanwords, etc.
ba	animals, etc.
ɗam	liquids, abstract nouns, mass nouns, etc.
ɗum	borrowed words w/o suffix, neuter class, etc.
ka	various types of objects, abstract nouns, etc.
kal	liquids in small quantities, etc.
ki	body parts, plants, grass, trees (straight upright), abstract nouns, etc.
ko	body parts, plants, grass, etc.
nde	objects with certain shapes, etc.
ndi	uncountables, male animals & birds, augmentatives, etc.
ndu	cylindrical & circular objects (hollow, inflated, round), etc.
ngal	body parts, birds, trees & plants (& their parts), augmentatives, etc.
nge	cattle (bovines), celestial nouns (the sun, etc.), abstract nouns, etc.
ngel	singular diminutives, etc.
ngo	various objects (curved up at edges), animals, abstract nouns, etc.
ngol	long thin entities, animals, nouns of action, etc.
ngu	insects, worms, fish, animals, collective & abstract nouns, etc.

ɓe	humans, etc. (plural)
ɗe	animals, objects, etc. (plural)
ɗi	animals, objects, etc. (plural)
kon / koñ	diminutives, etc. (plural)

Another feature of the language is initial consonant mutation between singular and plural forms of nouns and of verbs.

faɗo (shoe), paɗe (shoes), paɗon (little shoes)
sekko (reed), cekke (reeds), cekkon (little reeds)
haayre (stone), kaaƳe (stones), kaaƳon (little stones)
raŋalde (backside), daŋaale (backsides), ndaŋalon (little backsides)

wudere (sarong), gude (sarongs), ngudon (little sarongs)
wowru (mortar), boɓi (mortars), nboɓon (little mortars)
yertere (peanut), gerte (peanuts), ngerton (tiny peanuts)
yeeso (face), jeese (faces), njeeson (little faces)

paɗel (little shoe), paɗal (big shoe)
hello (slap), kellel (little slap), kellal (big slap)

Vowel Suffixes

The Pulaar verb system contains multiple suffixes which can be added to verbs to change their cases. These suffixes include the –t suffixes, the -d suffixes, the -n suffixes, and the -r suffixes. When multiple suffixes are used in a single verb, they follow the ‘TDNR’ order. This means that –t suffixes go before -d suffixes which go before -n suffixes, and -r suffixes are the last in order. There are few exceptions to this rule. An example of this is the word nyaam-n-id-ii. In this word, the -n suffix goes before the -d suffix.

The -t suffix is added to verbs in order to change the case of the verb. The allomorphs -t or -it are added to make a verb retaliative, meaning to do in retaliation for a previous action. For example, lata (meaning ‘kick’) adds the allomorph –it to become lat-it-o (meaning ‘kick back’). The allomorphs -t, -it or -ut  are added to a verb to make it reversive, meaning to do the opposite of the original verb. For example, taara (meaning ‘wind’) becomes taar-t-a (meaning ‘unwind’). The same allomorphs apply for the repetitive case, meaning the repeating of an action. There are no means of distinguishing between a reversive and a repetitious case other than by observing the context of the sentence. The allomorphs -t and -it are used to make a verb reflexive, which means to make the object of the action the same as the subject. For example, ndaara (meaning ‘look at’) becomes ndaar-t-o (meaning ‘look at oneself’). The allomorphs -t, -ut and -it are used to show that a verb is completed with intensity. For example, yana (meaning ‘fall’) becomes yan-t-a (meaning ‘fall heavily’). For words such as yama (meaning ‘ask’), the intensive form becomes yam-t-a (meaning ‘interrogate’) which is also the same form the repetitive case (meaning ‘ask again’). Therefore, yam-t-a is either one of those cases and therefore cannot be distinguished without taking into account the context of the sentence it is used in.

The negative accomplished verb form ends in -aani.

Essential Phrases

Hello.	No ngoolu daa. (singular) / No ngoolu dong. (plural)
Goodbye.	Ñalleen e jamm. (Have a good day.) / Mbaaleen e jamm. (Have a good night.)

Please.	Njaafodaa.
Thank you.	A jaaraama. (singular) / On jaaraama. (plural)
You’re welcome.	Enen ndendidum.
Excuse me. / Sorry. / Pardon.	Yaafo. / Achanam hakke.

Yes.	Eey.
No.	Alaa.

How are you?	No mbaddaa?
I’m fine.	Mbe de sellee.

Can you help me, please?	Ada waawi wallude mi, njaafodaa?
Do you speak English / French?	Ada faama Engale / Faranse?
I speak only English.	Ko Engale tan kaala mi.
I speak a little French.	Mi nani Faranse seeda.
I understand.	Mi faami.
I don’t understand.	Mi faamaami.

What’s your name?	No mbiyeteedaa?
My name is … .	Ko … mbiyetee mi.
Where are you from?	To njeyedaa?
I’m from … .	Ko … njeyaa mi.

Where is … ?	Hoto woni?
Is it far?	No woddi?
Straight ahead.	Ko yeesu.
Left.	Nano bang-ge.
Right.	Nano ñaamo.

How much is this?	Dum no foti jarata?
That’s too much.	E ne tiidi no feewu.

Help!	Ballal!
Leave me alone!	Accam! / Oppam mi deeja!

Dictionary / English-Pulaar

Aa

a	gooto, petto
a book	deftere wootere
aback	najde, najneede
be taken aback	najde, najneede
abandon	ɗaccude, accitde
abandon a house / village	wiinnude
abandoned	ɗaccaɗum nde
the abandoned house / village	wiinde nde
abandonment	ɗaccugol ngol
abase	nuskude, téllinde
abate	ustude
abatement	ustugol ngól
abattage	kirsugol jawdi
abattoir	hirsirde nde
abbreviate	raɓɓiɗinde
abbreviation	daɓɓiɗingol ngól
abdicate	jébbilaade, ɗaccude, yaafaade
abdicate the throne	ɗaccude laamu mum / fiiltude laamu mum
he abdicated	o jebbiliima
abdication	jébbilaare nde
this is an abdication	ɗum ko jebbilaare
abdomen	réédu ndu
abdominal	ko faati e réédu
abdominal pain	reedu muusooru
abduct	wujjude, teetde
he was abducted	o wujja
abduction	nguyka ka, teetere nde
abecedary	ko faati e limto
abecederian	limtoowo o
he is an abecederian	ko o limtoowo
aberrance	ooñaare nde
aberrant	ooñiɗum, kó óóñii, ko foo Ƴtaaki
aberration	ooñaare nde
it is a major aberration	ɗum ko ooñaare mawnde
abeyance	leefgol ngol
abhor	añde
abhorrence	ngañgu ngu, elko ko
abidance	ɗowtaare nde

Bb

baa	meengol ngól, meenaali ɗi
babble	haala ka laaɓaani
babbling	haala ka laaɓaani
baboon	waandu ndu
baby	ɓiɗɗo o, tiggu o
bachelor	surga, mo resaani
he is a bachelor	ko o surga
back	keeci ki, ɓaawo ngo, caggal ngal
back up	wallude, heedande
I will back him up	ma mi wallu mo
talk behind someone’s back	ñohde
come back	artude
backache	kééci muusóówi
I have a backache	mbeɗe wondi e keeci muusoowi
backbone	noorol ngól
background	néésu ngu
backside	raŋalde nde, rotere nde
backward	ko yahri caggal
bacon	tééw mbabba tugal
I do not eat bacon	mi ñaamataa teew mbabba tugal
bad	bonɗo, bonɗum
badly	kó bóni, ko feewani, bónɗum
baffle	jiiɓde
bag	boot o, saak o, mbasu ngu, bata o, suruundu ndu
be in the bag	fandineede, nder poos
baggage	kaake ɗe
bail n.	njoɓdi ndi
bail v.	yaltinde cokaaɗo
I bailed him out	mi yoɓanii mo ko o rewetenoo
bait	céŋdi ndi
bake	defde e nder fuur
baker	bulanse o, piyoowo mburu
bakery	mbulayse o
balance	fóndude
they are not balanced	ɗi potaani
bald	jom teeleende
baldness	teeleende nde
balk	daraade
ball	kupe, bal o
ballet	ngamri ndi
balloon	bal o

Cc

cab	taksi o
cabaret	pasioŋ o
cabbage	suppome o
cabin	suudu ndu, jééwru ndu
cable	ɓóggól ngól
cache	suuɗorde nde, faawru ndu
cachet	tampoŋ o
cackle	herde (gertogal)
cacophonous	luurduɗum, ko yahdaani
cad	naskaaɗo o
cadaver	neɗɗo maayɗo, jiiba
cadaverous	ko faati e jiiba
caddy	boyet o
cadet	ɓiɗoo battindiiɗo jibineede
cadge	ñaagaade
cadger	ñaagotooɗo o
cafe	pasioŋ tokooso
caftan	kaftaan o
cage	kasó o
cagey	dééntiiɗo
cajole	waawnude, fuuntude
cajolery	fuunti o
cake	ñamri ndi
calabash	lahal ngal, ceŋalal ngal, tumbude nde, ewre nde, mbaayan o
broken calabash	laalagal
calabash for milking	ɓirdugal ngal
big calabash	geworgal ngal, koral ngal
calabash for pouring sauce or milk	liyorgal ngal
calamitous	boomojum, ko faati e boomaare
calamity	boomaare nde
calculate	hiisaade
calculus	limoore nde, hiisa o
calendar	kalandiriye
calf	gool o, ñale nge
caliph	kiliifa o
call v.	noddude, eeraade
call for prayer	eewnaade, nóddinde
call one another	noddondirde
he called him a name	o tooñii mo
call n.	noddaango ngo, eewnaango ngo

Dd

dabble	léppinde, wiccude
dacker	daaldaalnude
dad	baabiraaɗo o
daffing	kaaɗi ɗi, ɗaayre nde
daft	ɗaayɗo
dagger	laɓi ki
daggle	daasde
daily	ñalawma kala, ñanda kala
dainty	kó yóóɗi, kó wéli
dairy	móóftirde kosam e nebam keccam
daleth	alkulal ngal, alkulal deel
dam	mbarngu ngu
damage v.	bónnude
damage n.	bonande nde
dame	debbo o
damnable	ko añaa, kó félnii
damp	ɓaytuɗum, ɓayɗum
dampen	ɓaytinde
dampness	ɓayto ngo
dance n.	ngamri ndi
dance v.	amde
make someone dance	amnude
dancer	gamoowo o
dander	sekre nde
dandle	yeƳde cukalel
dandruff	karaas o
danger	bone ɗe, ko gaañata
dangerous	bonnojum, lorlojum, ko bonnata, ko lorlata
dangle	weelde
dap	saftaade
dare	suusde
daring	cuusal ngal
dark	niɓɓiɗɗum, iirɗuɗum
after dark	so hiirii
darken	ɓawlinde
darkle	niɓɓiɗinde
darkness	niɓɓere nde
darling	giɗo o, giɗél ngél
darn	ñootde
dash	fiide, furtaade
dasher	piyoowo o
data	kabaaru o

Ee

e	alkulal ngal
each	kala, neɗɗo kala
each one	gooto kala
eagerness	heñaare nde
ear	nofru ndu
I am all ears	mbeɗe heɗi maa
earthquake	jérɓugól léydi
earthy	ko faati e léydi, ko faati e aduna
easily	beeɓɗum, newiɗum, ko wééɓi, kó néwii
easy	ko weeɓi, beeɓɗum
it is easy	ina weeɓi
easterner	fuɗnanke o
eatable	ñaameteeɗum, ko ñaametee
eatery	ñaamirde nde, paasioŋ
eating	ñaamdu ndu
eavesdrop	ñukkindaade
eccentric	celɗum, kó séli
echoic	ko faati e óólél
eclectic	cuɓaɗum, ko suɓaa
eclosion	tóccingól ngól
economic	ittuɗum, ko itti
it is not economical	ɗum ittaani
economize	ittinde, resde, mooftude
ecstasy	welaare nde
ecstatic	béltiiɗo
ecumenical	ko huɓtódini, kuɓtódinɗum
edify	nehde, janginde
educator	janginoowo o
he is an educator	ko o jaŋnginoowo
efface	mómtude
effective	ko hawri
it is effective today	ɗum fuɗɗiima hande
effervesce	fuɗtude, fasde, addude paali
effervescent	ko addata paali
efficient	ko hawri
effloresce	fiindude
effractor	gujjo o
effuse	yaajnude, rufde
effusion	dufgól ngól

Ff

fable	tindól ngól
fabric	bagi o
strips of fabric	léppi ɗi
rolled fabric	sollewól ngól
strip of fabric for carrying a baby	mbóótu ngu
fabricate	fééwnude
fabrics	bagiiji ɗi
façade	galle o, gaalɗi ɗi, kalasal ngal
face n.	yeeso ngo
side of the face	hanawere
make a face	ŋooɓde
face to face	kuccondiral ngal
face v.	huccitde
you face the east when you say your prayers	so aɗa juula kuccittaa ko fuɗnaange
facial	ko faati e yeeso
facilitate	wééɓnude
fact	huunde woodnde
it is a fact that cannot be denied	eɗum woodi tigi
factor	sabaabu o
one must take this factor into consideration	aɗa foti Ƴeewde o sabaabu
factual	goodɗum, ko wóódi
fade	furde, iwde
the color has faded away	ɗum furii
faeces	jaañe ɗe, kuudi ndi
fag	liggaade, tampinde
fagot	wahre leɗɗe
fail	ronkude, horaade
fail to recognize	faaytude
my sight is failing	giilaam inan ngustoo
failure	ronkere nde
fain	béltiiɗo
faint	faɗɗaade
he fainted	ko o paɗɗiiɗo
fainting	paɗɗagól ngól
recover from fainting	ɗiftude
he has recovered from fainting	o faɗɗinoomo kono o ɗiftii
fair	hakkundeejo, laaɓɗo
faith	diiné o
put faith in	hoolaade
faithful	ɗowtiiɗo
fake	wontinaade
he faked his death	o maaykini
falcon	ciilal ngal
fall n.	liɓre nde
fall v.	yande, fukkaade, saamde, boɓɓaade, ɓappaade
fall on	ñakkaade
fall on one’s bottom	deppaade
fall from	aggitaade
fall from a hook	téɓɓitaade
to fall out with	luurdude

Gg

gabble	leɓde
gabby	lemsuɗo, keewɗo haala
gaffe	juumre nde
gag	sukkude hunuko neɗɗo
gage	juknude
gaiety	weltaare nde
gain n.	dañal ngal
gain v.	dañde, yoɓeede
gain strength	niggude
he gained strength	o dañii doole
gainless	ko alaa ngañaari
gait	yahdu ndu
gala	kéw o
gale	héndu mawndu
gall	taƳre nde, ɗeeɗagól ngól
gallantry	cuusal ngal
galley	laana ka
gallop	ñékkude, dogde
galore	keewal ngal
gamble n.	wure o
gamble v.	wuraade
he gambles every day	omo wuroo ñalawma kala mo alla addi
gambol	birgude
game	fijiirde nde
play a game	fijde
he is playing a game with his children	o woni ko e fijjude e sukaaɓe makko
gamma	alkulal ngal
gang n.	fedde nde
gang v.	yantondirde
they ganged up against his leadership	ɓe calii gardagol makko
gangster	bandi o
gantlet	laabi laana njóórndi
gap	yelde nde, yolnde nde
generation gap	yolnde hakkunde sukaaɓe e mawɓe
gar	waawnude
garage	móóftirde oto
garbage	kurjuru o
throw the garbage away	rufoy kurjuru o
garble	jiiɓde
garden	nambu o, sardiŋe o
he is watering his garden	omon roosa sardiŋŋe makko
gargle	wuƳƳaade

Hh

haberdasher	jeeyoowo cómci worɓe
habile	baawɗo, ñeeñɗo
habiliment	cómci ɗi
habit	néésu ngu, jikku o
habitable	nókku koɗeteeɗo
habitant	neɗɗo koɗɗo
habitat	hoɗorde nde
habitation	hoɗorde nde
habitual	ko faati e jikku
habituate	wóównude
habitude	ngoowka ka, jikku o
hacienda	hoɗorde nde
hack	sóppude, féƳƳude
hackney	puccu ngu
hadith	hadiis o
hafiz	dursuɗo o, gando o
haft v.	serde
haft n.	ɓande jambere
hag	debbo coofɗo, bonɗo
haggard	béftilaaɗo
hail	eeraade
I hail you	mi eeri maama
hair	lééɓol ngól, sukundu ndu
she is washing her hair	omon lawƳaa sukundu makko
hairy	guyɗo, ko wuyi
hajj	hajju o
hale adj.	célluɗo, tiiɗɗo
hale v.	daasde, fooɗde, séllinde
half n.	feccere nde, karal ngal, gennewalla o
half an hour	feccere waktu
half v.	feccude
hallow	rewde, téddinde
hallucinate	ruuytude
hallucination	duuytugól ngól
hallway	bólééru ndu
halo	sérééndu ndu
halt	daraade, dartinde
halve	féccude, felsude
ham	tééw mbabba tugal

Ii

I	mi, miin
I saw this morning	mi yii mo naane subaka
iamb	kijjaanɗe ɗiɗi
ibada	ngóóróóndi diine
ibex	ndamndi ndi
ibn	ɓii
ice	galaas o
ice cream	kerem galaas
iceberg	tulde galaas
iceman	jeeyoowo galaas
idea	miijo ngo
his idea works better	ko miijo makko ɓuri moƳƳude
ideal	sago ngo
the ideal is to have both of you here	sinno ko sago onon ɗiɗo kala on ngonanno ɗoo
ideally	sinno ko sago
ideate	miijaade
ideation	miijagól ngól
ideational	ko faati e miijagól
identic	nanduɗi, ko nandi
they are identic	kamɓe nandi
identical	nanduɗi, ko nandi, naduɓe
identification	féññinoore
identify	féññinde, heɓtinde
ideology	miijo ngo
idiocy	puuyndam ɗam
idiom	haala ka, kongol ngól
idiosyncrasy	maale huunde / neɗɗo
idiot	mo ƳoƳaani, puuyɗo
he is an idiot	ko o puuyɗo
idiotic	ko fuuyi, puuyɗum
idle	mo liggaaki, mo haljaani
idle hands	juuɗe ɗe kaljaani
idol	sanam o, bóóri o
idolater	sanajida o
idolize	sanójinde
idyll	yimre nde
idyllic	ko faati e yimre
if	si tay, sinno, soko, so, si
even if	hay so
igloo	suudu ndu

Jj

jab	Ƴoɓɓude, goɓɓude
jabber	haala njaawka
jack	suutirde nde
jackal	bóy o
jacket	cómcól ngól
jacob	yaaquub, annabi yaaquub
jacquerie	murtugól ngól
jadder	keloowo kaaƳe
jag	yiwde, taƳde
jail	kasó o
he is in jail	ko o cokaaɗo
jailer	deenoowo kasó
jailhouse	kasó o
jam	duñde
jamaica	jamayik
jamboree	deental sukaaɓ e
jampack	hébbinde haa heewa
jangle	siŋude
janitor	gorko deenoowo nókku
where is the janitor	hol to deenoowo o woni
janitress	debbo deenoowo nókku
january	saawiye o
jape	gaajaade
jar	dillude
jaunt	ɗannaade ɗangal daɓɓal
javelin	mbaangu ngu
jaw	golgolal ngal, gabgal ngal
jealous	kirɗo
he is jealous	ko o kirɗo
jealousy	kiram ɗam
jeep	oto
jeer	seknoraade
jeerer	ceknortooɗo o
jell	fendaade
jeremiad	gullitaagól ngól
jerk	rippude, diwde e doƳƳaade
jess	tóngude
jest v.	gaajaade
jest n.	gaajaare nde
jesus	annabi iisaa
jetliner	ndiwoowa ka
jetport	kandaa abiyoŋ
jew	yahuudiyanke

Kk

kaaba

Synonyms

The source for this dictionary uses a lot of peculiar words and as such we thought it would be helpful to include this list of synonyms of more common words along with the dictionary entry they coincide with. Not all of these synonyms will be straight across definitions but should be close and serve as a starting point for you to get the definition you’re looking for.

Synonym (Headword)	Possible Translation
surprise / surprised (aback)	najde (astonished), najneede (aback), najnajilo (astonishingly smart), najnude (petrify, astound, astonish), najoore / najooje (astonishment, consternation, mystery)
confused (aback)	najde (astonished), najneede (aback), najnajilo (astonishingly smart), najnude (petrify, astound, astonish), najoore / najooje (astonishment, consternation, mystery)
thrown off / thrown off guard (aback)	najde (astonished), najneede (aback), najnajilo (astonishingly smart), najnude (petrify, astound, astonish), najoore / najooje (astonishment, consternation, mystery)

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